"Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood/Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather/The multitudinous seas incarnadine, /Making the green one red." (2.2. 60-63) Macbeth, the great King of Scotland, committed an unforgivable deed, murder. He will never be able to take back his actions, or "wash" the guilt away and purify himself. As Shakespeare demonstrates in his insightful plays, one who commits an act of sin will forever pay for their actions, including their loved ones. The suffering Macbeth experiences would be considered karma, the principle of justice that determines a person's state of life as the effect of their past deeds. Macbeth's thoughts and emotions haunt him, and eventually drive him to the point of insanity and numbness, provoking him to continue to commit harmful acts. The stages of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero are the establishment of his power and character flaw, the reversal of his fortune, and catharsis and restoration of social order.
To begin, the first stage of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero is the establishment of his power and character flaw. Macbeth is a very prominent person throughout Scotland, with both the royal family and the villagers. The admiration towards Macbeth does not go unnoticed by the King, therefore, when the Thane of Cawdor is murdered for his evil ways, Macbeth is well deserving of the honourable title. King Duncan proudly stated that "What he [Thane of Cawdor] hath lost noble Macbeth hath won" (1.3.69). Macbeth may not realize it himself, but he has the King and the people of Scotland under his charming spell. Now that Macbeth has had a glimpse of what his life could potentially be like as King, he is driven to achieve a higher royal title. The strong ambition behind Macbeth’s actions appears innocent, but will soon be proven to be fallacious: "The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step/ On which I must fall down, or else o’er-leap, / For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires! / Let not light see my black and deep desires" (1.4.48). Through personification, Macbeth’s flaw, a deadly drive, is now becoming noticeable. He is still thought to be an honourable man, but his determination is slowly becoming stronger. Also, when Macbeth and Banquo come across the three old witches, they predict to the men that Macbeth will become King, and Banquo’s sons are also in line for the throne. Macbeth’s lifelong dream is now almost within grasp, and he will do whatever it takes to gain the title of King. Macbeth voices his master plan to Lady Macbeth, "My dearest love, /Duncan comes here tonight... O never/ Shall sun that morrow see!" (1.5.58-60). Lady Macbeth, Macbeth’s wife, has the same driven determination as her husband: "To beguile the time, / Look like the time; bear welcome in your eye, / Your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent/ flower/ But be the serpent under’t" (1.5.63-65). Macbeth does consider that killing King Duncan is wrong, but his drive is too strong for him to ignore. The goal that Macbeth has set for himself, which is to become King, is very unrealistic in terms of occurring naturally, but his ambition is deadly, which creates a fatal flaw for himself. Thus, the first stage of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero is the establishment of his power and character flaw.
Next, the second stage of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero is the reversal of his fortune. Macbeth turns his murderous plan into reality during King Duncan’s stay at his castle by murdering him in his sleep: "I have done the deed" (2.2.15). Lady Macbeth offered her husband words of advice: "These deeds must not be thought/ After these ways; so, it will make us mad" (2.2.33-34). This act of murder demonstrates Macbeth’s devastating flaw as a tragic hero. After the deed was committed, guilt and paranoia overwhelm Macbeth thoughts. Even though he has now gained the title of King, he is still not content: "They hail’d him [Banquo] father to a line of Kings. / Upon my head they plac’d a fruitless crown" (3.1.60-61). Macbeth’s insecurity is proven effectively through this metaphor. In order to solve Macbeth’s predicament, he decides to eliminate the possibility of Banquo’s sons becoming royalty by having them killed: "Fleance is scap’d/... but Banquo’s safe? / Ay, my good lord; safe in a ditch he bides,/ With twenty trenched gashes on his head" (3.4.20-27). At this point in time, Macbeth is beginning to lose all sense of reality, all in order to secure his kingship. Even though Macbeth has successfully accomplished his goal of being King, he cannot even enjoy it with all of the nightmares and hallucinations he is having due to his overwhelming paranoia. Macbeth encounters the three witches for a second time, and they tell him three prophecies related to the security of his kingship. He learns that he must be aware of Macduff, for he may cause Macbeth to lose his crown. Again, he creates a master plan to further himself. To intimidate Macduff and prove that he does not fear him, he takes action against Macduff’s family: "Your castle is supris’d; your wife and babes/ Savagely slaughter’d; to relate the manner/ Were, on the quarry of these murder’d deer,/ To add the death of you" (4.3.204-207).Macbeth’s fatal flaw of deadly determination is overtaking his life, and is causing himself much remorse and regret. Therefore, the second stage of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero is the reversal of his fortune.
Finally, the third stage of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero is the catharsis and restoration of social order. Macbeth has selfishly taken many innocent villagers lives, all to better himself, which in turn negatively affects Scotland, for their King is a murderer. Many citizens are starting to see that their King’s motives are not as pure and innocent as they thought. They know they need to stop his murderous rampage before more lives are lost. An army of 10 000 men, led by Malcolm and Siward, plan on killing Macbeth for betraying the Kingdom: "The English power is near, led on my Malcolm/ His uncle Siward, and the good Macduff./ Revenges burn in them" (5.2.1-3). Through a metaphor, it is demonstrated that the men’s wants for revenge is deadly, and burns inside them almost like a fire. Macbeth is finally to be murdered, which is what he deserves. Once the army invades Macbeth’s castle, Macduff successfully beheads the King: "Behold, where stands/ The usurper’s cursed head/... Hail, King of Scotland!" (5.7.83-88). As one can see, Macbeth’s single devastating character flaw, ambition, overtakes who he is, and what his morals are. Now that the King has been beheaded, relief is among the people of Scotland. Malcolm is then rightfully crowned King: "We will perform in measure, time, and place. / So, thanks to all at once, and to each one, / Whom we invite to see us crown’d at Scone" (5.7.102-104). Malcolm has brought harmony back to Scotland, which allows the innocent exiled people to return to their homeland. In summary, the third stage of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero is the catharsis and restoration of social order.
Overall, the stages of Macbeth’s devastating downfall as a tragic hero are the establishment of his power and character flaw, the reversal of his fortune, and catharsis and restoration of social order. A man named Tryon Edwards once said, "Thoughts lead on to purposes; purposes go forth in action; actions form habits; habits decide character; and character fixes our destiny." The actions and decisions that are made daily are that most important components in terms of shaping a character and destiny. Always think before acting, and evaluate how an action will make others think or feel, for karma is not always kind. Knowing the distinct difference between right and wrong will be a strong influence on decision making: "It's not hard to make decisions when you know what your values are" (Roy Disney).
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